PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSES

NAME : LATIFAH LILIS SOFIYAH
NIM     : A320110027

1.The present continuous tenses used to express an action or event, which is taking place at the present moment :

Example :
a. Please don't make so much noise, I'm working
b. Where's Suryani, she is reading book
c. Let's go out now, it is not raining any more
d. Hello Firdaus Are yoy enjoying the party ?
e. I'm tired I'm going bed now. Good night !

2. The present continuous tenses used to express an action or event, which exists in the present but is not necessarily taking place at the moment of spekng.

Example :
a. Hakim wants to work in Italy, so he's learning Italian.
b. He is teaching in a private school.
c. Rina Wants to stay at Malaysia. so she's learning Malaysian
d. I am learning English in my school.
e. My brother working in Japan.

3.The present continuous tenses is used to talk about things happening in period around now.

Example :
a. You are working hard today, Yes, I have a lot of to do.
b. Is Susan working this week ? No she's on holiday.
c. She is reading book this day, Yes, She have reading English book.
d. Is Ali teaching in a private school ? Yes He teach in boarding school.
e. Is Bobby eating an apple now ? No, He's eating a rice.

4. The present continuous tenses is used to talk about changes happening around now.

Example :
a. The population of the world is rising very fast.
b. Is your English getting better ?
c. The student in my class are studying hard.
d. The people of English private school are speaking English well.
e. Is your Italian languagge more better ?

MODAL AUXILIARY (MAY, MUST)

NAME : LATIFAH LILIS SOFIYAH
NIM     : A320110027

MODAL AUXILIARY

A. MAY

The used of may :
A. POSSIBILITY

1. The instructor may come to class late today.
2. It may be true.
3. She may know about her character.
4. He may come after June.
5. She may be my advisor next semester.
6. The children may go to bed early.
7. It may be very hot tomorrow.
8. The boss may cancel the meeting.
9. My friend may come to us on Friday.
10. We may eat out tonight.

B.  PERMISSION

1. May I borrow your book ?
2. May I help you ?
3. May I see your driving license ?
4. May I come late tomorrow morning ?
5. May I call you ?
6. You may leave, when you have finished your exam.
7. May I sit beside you ?
8. May I change your password ?
9. May I teach  your student today ?
10. May I borrow your money ?

B. MUST

The used of Must :
A. PROBABILITY

1. Janice must be out this evening, She does not answer her telephone.
2. He must be at a work, it's 10 a clock.
3. They must be in Spain now.
4. She must have done well on the test.
5. I must be a good student today.
6. My father must  be at office this morning.
7. The lecture must be at campus today.
8. Dika must be at school, it's 8.00 a clock.
9. I must have left early.
10. They must arrived yesterday, I saw her ticket.

B. NECESSITY

1. I must call my parent tonight, I have not talk to them for along time.
2. You must have a permit to enter the national park.
3. We must show our passport in the airport.
4. I must to pay my phone bill soon.
5. I must study tonight.
6. He must attend the meting tomorrow.
7. I must be careful not to upset him.  
8. She must buy a milk for her children.  
9. He must give her flower.
10. Student must pass an examination to study at this school.       

 C. PROHIBITION.

1. Passenger must not talk to the driver.
2. Student must not be late.
3. You must not disturb him.
4.  I must not forget my keys.
5.  jenny, you must not play in the street.
6. You must not forget your medicine.
7. You must not swim in that river, its full of crocodile.
8. I must not eat so much sugar.
9. Visitors must not smoke here.
10. You must not arrive late. 

STRUCTURE I (ADJECTIVE CLAUSE, NOUN CLAUSE, AND ADVERB CLAUSE).

NAMA : LATIFAH LILIS SOFIYAH

NIM     :A320110027



ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

Adjective clause is a dependent clause used as an adjective within a sentence also known as an adjectival clause or relative clause. An adjective clause usualy begin within a relative pronoun (which, that, who, whom, whose), a relative adverb (where, when, why), or a zero relative.

example :

• a. The man is friendly, he lives next to me

          b. the man who lives next to me is friendly.

• a. The man is friendly, I met him.

          b. The man whom I met was friendly.

• a. The river is polluted, it flows through town.

          b. The river, that flows through town, is polluted.

• a. The river is polluted, it flows through town.

          b. The river, which flows through town, is polluted. 

• a. The book were expensive, I bought them.

          b. The book which I bought were expensive.

• a. The pill made me sleepy, I took it.

          b. The pill that I took, made me sleepy

• a. The soup was too salty, I had it for lunch.

          b. The soup which I had for lunch, was too salty.

• a. I have a class, It begins at 08.00 Am.

          b. I have a class that begins at 08.00 Am.

• a. A lion is an animal, this animal lives in africa.

          b. A lion is an animal Which lives in africa.

• a. A globe is a ball, this ball has a map of the world on it.

          b. A globe is a ball that has a map of the world on it.

NOUN CLAUSE
Noun clause is a dependent clause that function as a noun (that is, as a subject, object, or complement). within a sentence also known as a nominal clause.
Example :

• Where does he lives ? I don't know where he lives.
• When does they leave ? do you know when they left ?
• What did he say ? please tell me what she said ?
• Why is Tono absent ? I wonder why Tono is absent.
• Who is that boy ? I don't know who that boy is.
• Whose pen is this ? I don't know whose pen this is.
• Who is in the office ? I don't know who is in the office.
• Whose pen is on the desk ? I don't know whose pen is on the desk.
• I think that Mr. Ali is a good teacher.
• I hope that you can come to the game.

ADVERB CLAUSE
Adverb often answer such question as how when, where, in that way or how often. this function is called the adverbial function. An Adverb clauses uses not just single word but also phrase to provide information.
Example :

• You may leave whenever you wish.
• Fools rush in where angels is fear to tread.
• She took down notes so that She could write a report.
• She collapsed because she wash weak with exhaution.
• He was shocked that he could not speak.
• The child spoke as if he were an adult.
• He did better than anyone had expected him to.
• You may be able to see him  if you go early.
• You may not see him  even if you went early.
• Wherever you go, you will find people willing to help you.

STRUCTURE 1 (NOUN, VERB, ADJECTIVE, ADVERB)

NAMA : LATIFAH LILIS SOFIYAH
NIM     : A320110027

NOUN

A noun is a word used as the name of anything, a person, an animal, an object, a place, a situation, a quality or an idea.
example : a. Take your book please
               b. They saw tiger in the zoo
               c. We have good pleasure today
               d. My belief in Allah, saves me
               e. Farhan close the window.

Noun is devided into six kinds :
1. Proper Noun : is a word that stands for name of person, country or any particular names which with capital  letter.
    Example : a. Zainab listen to the radio                  
                    b. Jakarta isthe capital of Indonesia.
                    c. Indonesia stand for the name of country.
                    d. Islam is the best religion.
                    e. I was born in March

2. Common Noun : is a word that denotes no one thing in particular, but it is common to any number of the same kind.
    Example : a. Take your book please !
                    b. I met a man yesterday.
                    c. Every one has to love his country.
                    d. Budi is the diligent student.
                    e. Al-qur'an is a guide for every muslim.

3. Collective Noun : Is a word denotes the group of collection of multitude taken as one complete whole.
    Example : a. The army made the ceremony
                    b. The class had just a English lesson.
                    c. The audience give applause at the end of the show.
                    d. The committee makes many decision in monthly meeting.
                    e. The crew of national airlines look smart.

4. Abstract Noun : Is a word that denotes some quality, state or action apart from any particular instances or material object.
    Example : a. Islam is my choice
                    b. His pride led to his fall.
                    c. My sister is motherhood.
                    d. We have good pleasure today.
                    e. The teacher will happy with our kindness. 


5. Material Noun : Is a word that denotes the matter, or substance of which thing are made.
    Example : a. Salt is necessary to live.
                    b. The ring made of gold.
                    c. The fish lives in water.
                    d. The table is made of wood.
                    e. Thelady is dressed in cotton.
6. Possessive Noun : When we speak of  possession, we often mean ownership. We may also mean something that belongs to a person or is part of him or her.
Example : a. Student's book
                b. Hani's hand.
                c. House's roof.
                d. Hendy's car.
                e. Ali's house.

VERB
A verb is a word that expresses an action or state of being, and the time of when it is. Of all the parts of speech, the verb is the most important. it is the moving power, the motor of sentence. Without it there is no sentence.
Example : a. The boy is diligent.
                b. I am a farmer.
                c. She was attractive.
                d. You were a soldier.
                 e. My father start the car.
1. Transitive Verb : Some other verbs have direct objects.
     Example : a. I read newspaper.
                     b. He drinks water.
                     c. You take my book.
                     d. I kicked the ball.
                     e. I write the letter.
2. Intransitive Verb : Some other do not have direct object.
    Example : a. I travel to bali.
                    b. Ali goes to school.
                    c. You will sleep.
                    d. She runs.
                    e. I wrote last night.

ADJECTIVE
Is a word used to qualify a noun and pronoun.
1. Proper Adjective : This is formed from proper noun they are always capitalized.
    Example : a. Indonesian language.
                    b. English lesson.
                    c. The Atlantic coast.
                    d. Saudi king Fahd.
                    e. Madrid Islamic Center.
2. Adjective of Quality or State : this shows of what quality or what state the person or thing is (clever, dry, fat, golden, good, heavy, etc).
   Example : a. Agus is a diligent boy.
                   b. Alfian is a brave man.
                   c. Muhammad Ali was a heavy weight boxing champion of the world.
                   d. They are ia a happy family.
                   e. My mother buys wooden chairs.
3. Adjective of Number or Quantity : This shows how many things are there or in what numeral order the thing stands.
   A. Definite Numeral Adjective : Is an adjective which shows some exact number iy has two kinds :
        1. Cardinal Number : Any number used in counting or in showing how many.
            Example : a. Tommy has two pens.
                            b. My father gives me nine book.
                            c. We have three houses.
                            d. I have one brother.
                            e. She has three car.
       2. Ordinal Number : Any number used to indicate order in particular series.
           Example : a. He is the fourth speaker.
                           b. The third house is mine.
                           c. The second caliph is Omar bin Khattab.
                           d. The first winner is my young brother.
                           e. The second place is mine.
   B. Indefinite Numeral Adjective : Is a adjective, which shows number of some kinds, without saying precisely what the number is (all, some, no, many, few, much, any, more, little, several).
Example : a. Not all men are happy.
                b. Many people are poor.
                c. Some book are good.
                d. Few visitors come here.
                e. You have much money.
4. Distributive Adjective : Is an adjective that refers to individually to all members of a group.
    Example : a. Every people have study.
                    b. Each students has a schedule.
                    c. Speech will be delivered by each of the five speakers of this public speaking club today
                    d. I take either half of that cake.
                    e. Neither statement is true.  
5. Demonstrative Adjective : Is a words that shows what thing is meant. the word this, that, these, and those when used as modifiers.
Example : a. I like this book.
                b. We saw that play.
                c. These student are learning well.
                d. These house are for teacher.
                e. That cat runs into garden.  
6. Interrogative Adjective : Is used to ask question.
Example : a. What time is it now ?
                b. Tell me what book do you read ?
                c. What pair of shoes do you prefer ?
                d. Which door leads to the kitchen ?
                e. What lesson do you prefer ?
7. Possessive Adjective : Is the adjective used to show the possession.
Example : a. Where is your book ?
                b. This is my pen.
                c. Her father has gone.
                d. They ride their horses.
                e. Monkey eats fruit with its hand.

ADVERB
Is a word, which modifies a verb, an adjective or another adverb. adverb are used to tell time (when), place (where), reason (why), manner( how), degree (how much ), to what extent and frequency (how often).
Example : a. They will leave soon. (time)
                b. He will wait here. (place)
                c. The boys played well. (manner)
                d. They were quite satisfied. (degree)
                e. She is always late. (frequency)

STRUCTURE I

• S + V  

1.  I Walk
2. She Talk
3. We Smile
4. She Reads
5. I Swim

• S + V + DO (Direct Object) 

1. I Read Novel
2. She eats meat ball
3. I write a letter
4. You watch a movie
5. You plays football

• S + V + DO (Direct Object) + IO (Indirect Object)

1.  I send you some letter
2. You tell me some news
3. You give me an apple
4. I give kiki a magazine
5. I lend you some book

• S + V + IO (Indirect Object) + DO (Direct Object)

1. I send some letter for you
2. You tell some news for me
3. You give an apple for me
4. I give a magazine for kiki
5. I lend some book for you

• S + LKV (Linking Verb) + Complement

1. She is clever
2. You are in the boarding house
3. He is in the room
4. This is a bag
5. it is 5.50